Parenting Attachment Styles and Resilience among Adolescents with Hearing Impairment: Role of Varying Socioeconomic Status

This study investigated the role of socioeconomic status on the parental attachment styles and resilience among adolescents with hearing impairment. The study utilized a cross-sectional design and involved 150 adolescents from special education institutions in Gujrat, Pakistan. The participants were identified taking purposive sampling from adolescents aged 11–18 years with hearing impairment. The socioeconomic status was identified as low, middle, and high. The parental attachment style and resilience were measured using Parenting Attachment Style Scale (Zaqia & Riaz, 2022) and Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM-28) (Resilience Research Centre, 2022). The study revealed a significant difference in all three parental attachment styles on three levels of socioeconomic status. Further, in lower socioeconomic status secure attachment style was high, in middle socioeconomic status anxious avoidant attachment style was high and finally in upper socioeconomic status anxious resistant attachment style was high. Moreover, the analysis showed that the resilience score also differs at the socioeconomic status level, with a significant difference. Further, results indicated that adolescents with higher socioeconomic status had significantly greater levels of resilience, followed by middle and lower socioeconomic status. The study presents important findings for intervention development, inclusive policies regarding adolescents with disabilities, and family-based mental health initiatives.