On several anthropological studies in bashkortostan in the first third of the 20th century

Bashkirs are one of the most anthropologically studied peoples of Russia. The first scientific anthropological studies of Bashkirs was started in the second half of the 19th century. Among the scientists involved in comparative anthropology, one can single out the Doctor of Medicine N.M. Maliev. In Ufa and Belebeevsky counties he examined 40 Bashkir representatives on 32 indicators (height, skin color, hair and eyes, height and width of the face, basic head dimensions, etc.). As a result, it was suggested that there were forest and steppe types of the population as well as a number of transitional types and forms. The conclusions of N.M. Maliev were later confirmed in the anthropological studies of M.K. Uifalvi, S. Saumier, P.S. Nazarov, D.P. Nikolsky, A.N. Abramov. For the first time, P.S. Nazarov analyzed Bashkirs taking into account their ancestral affiliation and concluded that they belong mainly to the Turkic group of peoples. The same conclusion was reached by S. Saumier, D.P. Nikolsky and A.N. Abramov. A separate page on the comprehensive study of Bashkirs is made up of the fundamental works of the indefatigable worker of science S. Rudenko [Rudenko, 1916; 1925; 1955], who was involved in the study of Bashkir history and culture from his youth. In the late 20s of the 20th century. He led the work of the Bashkir complex expeditions of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Bashkir Commission and the anthropological detachment itself. Among the 17 specialized detachments, the anthropological detachment was the largest and was divided into sub-detachments. Along with representatives of the USSR Academy of Sciences, a physiologist from Bashkortostan, a future scientist, and a biologist M.Sh. Asfagan participated in the work of the anthropological subgroup.The purpose of the article is to trace the history of anthropological research in Bashkortostan during this period. At the same time, such tasks as analyzing the work of the Bashkir integrated Expedition of the USSR Academy of Sciences are solved and the role of S. and Rudenko in the work of the Bashkir expedition and its anthropological detachment is highlighted. The article pays special attention to M.S. Asfagan. He is the only scientist from Bashkortostan who participated in the work of the anthropological subgroup in 1928 as a researcher, and in 1930 headed its work. After the end of the expeditions, he and his colleagues published articles on the results of the work. The name of this scientist, teacher, and organizer of science has been undeservedly forgotten. Based on the introduction of documents from the archives into scientific circulation, M. Asfagan’s biography is recreated. With the help of a comparative analysis of all available data from archives and published articles, the author draws conclusions that clarify the confusing pages of his biography. Башкиры являются одним из наиболее изученных в антропологическом плане народов России. В конце 1920–30-х гг. Российской академией наук были организованы три комплексные антропологические экспедиции по изучению башкир. Начало этой работе было положено в 1928 г., когда началась деятельность Башкирской комплексной экспедиции Академии наук СССР. С.И. Руденко, 140-летие которого отмечается в этом году, оставил яркий след в изучении башкирского народа. Башкиры занимали особое место в жизни и научном наследии этого ученого. Он был хорошо знаком с бытом народа, его культурными традициями. Цель статьи – проследить историю некоторых антропологических изысканий в Башкортостане в 20–30-е годы ХХ в. При этом решаются следующие задачи: дается характеристика работ Башкирской комплексной экспедиции Академии наук СССР, освещается роль С.И. Руденко в работах Башкирской экспедиции и ее антропологического отряда. Отдельное внимание в статье уделяется башкирскому ученому М.Ш. Асфагану, в 1928 г. принимавшему участие в работе антропологического подотряда в качестве научного сотрудника, а в 1930 г., после ареста С.И. Руденко, возглавившему этот подотряд. Впоследствии М.Ш. Асфаган и его коллеги опубликовали ряд статей о результатах работы экспедиции. О личности этого ученого, более двадцати лет руководившего работой кафедры биологии Башкирского государственного медицинского института (ныне университета), известно очень мало. В статье вводится в научный оборот ряд архивных документов, дающих возможность более полно представить биографию М.Ш. Асфагана.

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Journal
Izvestiâ UFIC RAN. Seriâ: Istoriâ. Filologiâ. Kulʹtura.
Published
2025-01-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.31833/sifk/2025.2.2.17
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Linguistics and Cultural Studies
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article
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article

On several anthropological studies in bashkortostan in the first third of the 20th century

Gulnara Kh. Abdrafikova
Izvestiâ UFIC RAN. Seriâ: Istoriâ. Filologiâ. Kulʹtura.
Linguistics and Cultural Studies
article

On several anthropological studies in bashkortostan in the first third of the 20th century

Gulnara Kh. Abdrafikova
article en

Abstract

Bashkirs are one of the most anthropologically studied peoples of Russia. The first scientific anthropological studies of Bashkirs was started in the second half of the 19th century. Among the scientists involved in comparative anthropology, one can single out the Doctor of Medicine N.M. Maliev. In Ufa and Belebeevsky counties he examined 40 Bashkir representatives on 32 indicators (height, skin color, hair and eyes, height and width of the face, basic head dimensions, etc.). As a result, it was suggested that there were forest and steppe types of the population as well as a number of transitional types and forms. The conclusions of N.M. Maliev were later confirmed in the anthropological studies of M.K. Uifalvi, S. Saumier, P.S. Nazarov, D.P. Nikolsky, A.N. Abramov. For the first time, P.S. Nazarov analyzed Bashkirs taking into account their ancestral affiliation and concluded that they belong mainly to the Turkic group of peoples. The same conclusion was reached by S. Saumier, D.P. Nikolsky and A.N. Abramov. A separate page on the comprehensive study of Bashkirs is made up of the fundamental works of the indefatigable worker of science S. Rudenko [Rudenko, 1916; 1925; 1955], who was involved in the study of Bashkir history and culture from his youth. In the late 20s of the 20th century. He led the work of the Bashkir complex expeditions of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Bashkir Commission and the anthropological detachment itself. Among the 17 specialized detachments, the anthropological detachment was the largest and was divided into sub-detachments. Along with representatives of the USSR Academy of Sciences, a physiologist from Bashkortostan, a future scientist, and a biologist M.Sh. Asfagan participated in the work of the anthropological subgroup.The purpose of the article is to trace the history of anthropological research in Bashkortostan during this period. At the same time, such tasks as analyzing the work of the Bashkir integrated Expedition of the USSR Academy of Sciences are solved and the role of S. and Rudenko in the work of the Bashkir expedition and its anthropological detachment is highlighted. The article pays special attention to M.S. Asfagan. He is the only scientist from Bashkortostan who participated in the work of the anthropological subgroup in 1928 as a researcher, and in 1930 headed its work. After the end of the expeditions, he and his colleagues published articles on the results of the work. The name of this scientist, teacher, and organizer of science has been undeservedly forgotten. Based on the introduction of documents from the archives into scientific circulation, M. Asfagan’s biography is recreated. With the help of a comparative analysis of all available data from archives and published articles, the author draws conclusions that clarify the confusing pages of his biography. Башкиры являются одним из наиболее изученных в антропологическом плане народов России. В конце 1920–30-х гг. Российской академией наук были организованы три комплексные антропологические экспедиции по изучению башкир. Начало этой работе было положено в 1928 г., когда началась деятельность Башкирской комплексной экспедиции Академии наук СССР. С.И. Руденко, 140-летие которого отмечается в этом году, оставил яркий след в изучении башкирского народа. Башкиры занимали особое место в жизни и научном наследии этого ученого. Он был хорошо знаком с бытом народа, его культурными традициями. Цель статьи – проследить историю некоторых антропологических изысканий в Башкортостане в 20–30-е годы ХХ в. При этом решаются следующие задачи: дается характеристика работ Башкирской комплексной экспедиции Академии наук СССР, освещается роль С.И. Руденко в работах Башкирской экспедиции и ее антропологического отряда. Отдельное внимание в статье уделяется башкирскому ученому М.Ш. Асфагану, в 1928 г. принимавшему участие в работе антропологического подотряда в качестве научного сотрудника, а в 1930 г., после ареста С.И. Руденко, возглавившему этот подотряд. Впоследствии М.Ш. Асфаган и его коллеги опубликовали ряд статей о результатах работы экспедиции. О личности этого ученого, более двадцати лет руководившего работой кафедры биологии Башкирского государственного медицинского института (ныне университета), известно очень мало. В статье вводится в научный оборот ряд архивных документов, дающих возможность более полно представить биографию М.Ш. Асфагана.

Izvestiâ UFIC RAN. Seriâ: Istoriâ. Filologiâ. Kulʹtura.Vol. 2(2)
Openalex Percentile: Top 75%
Linguistics and Cultural Studies
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