Classroom Appraisal of Resources and Demands and Multiple Teacher Emotions: The Mediating Effect of Grit

ABSTRACT Although the relationship between classroom appraisal of resources and demands (CARDs) and teacher stress has been confirmed, how CARDs are associated with other teacher emotions including positive and negative ones is unclear. Therefore, this study investigates the relationship between classroom demands, resources, and teacher emotions, with a focus on the mediating role of grit. Using a sample of 334 Chinese teachers from elementary, junior middle, and senior high schools, we explored how classroom demands and resources impacted teacher emotions (i.e., joy, love, sadness, fear, and anger) and how grit influenced this relationship. Our findings showed that grit mediated the relationship between classroom demands and teacher emotions. Specifically, classroom demands were strongly associated with negative emotions, while resources were significantly related to both positive and negative teacher emotions. These results underscore the importance of fostering teacher grit, increasing classroom resources, and managing classroom demands to enhance positive teacher emotions.