Words of Warmth: Trust and Sociability Norms for over 26k English Words

Social psychologists have shown that Warmth (W) and Competence (C) are the primary dimensions along which we assess other people and groups.These dimensions impact various aspects of our lives from social competence and emotion regulation to success in the work place and how we view the world.More recent work has started to explore how these dimensions develop, why they have developed, and what they constitute.Of particular note, is the finding that warmth has two distinct components: Trust (T) and Sociability (S).In this work, we introduce Words of Warmth, the first large-scale repository of manually derived word-warmth (as well as word-trust and word-sociability) associations for over 26k English words.We show that the associations are highly reliable.We use the lexicons to study the rate at which children acquire WCTS words with age.Finally, we show that the lexicon enables a wide variety of bias and stereotype research through case studies on various target entities.

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Published
2025-01-01
DOI
https://doi.org/10.18653/v1/2025.acl-long.922
Citations
1
Primary Topic
Natural Language Processing Techniques
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
2.48
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article

Words of Warmth: Trust and Sociability Norms for over 26k English Words

Saif M. Mohammad
1 citations
Natural Language Processing Techniques
2.48
article

Words of Warmth: Trust and Sociability Norms for over 26k English Words

Saif M. Mohammad
article en
1 citations

Abstract

Social psychologists have shown that Warmth (W) and Competence (C) are the primary dimensions along which we assess other people and groups.These dimensions impact various aspects of our lives from social competence and emotion regulation to success in the work place and how we view the world.More recent work has started to explore how these dimensions develop, why they have developed, and what they constitute.Of particular note, is the finding that warmth has two distinct components: Trust (T) and Sociability (S).In this work, we introduce Words of Warmth, the first large-scale repository of manually derived word-warmth (as well as word-trust and word-sociability) associations for over 26k English words.We show that the associations are highly reliable.We use the lexicons to study the rate at which children acquire WCTS words with age.Finally, we show that the lexicon enables a wide variety of bias and stereotype research through case studies on various target entities.

National Research Council Canada (CA)
Openalex Percentile: Top 9%
Natural Language Processing Techniques
2.48
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Words of Warmth: Trust and Sociability Norms for over 26k English Words — Saif M. Mohammad · (2025) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS