The Use of Filled Pauses Across Multiple Discourse Contexts in Children Who Are Hard of Hearing and Children with Typical Hearing

Filled pauses are thought to be reflections of linguistic processes (e.g., lexical retrieval, speech planning and execution). <i>Uh</i> may be a self-directed cue for when a speaker needs more time to retrieve lexical-semantic representations, whereas <i>um</i> serves as a listener-directed, pragmatic cue. The use of filled pauses has not been examined in children who are hard of hearing (CHH). Participants included 68 CHH and 33 children with typical hearing (CTH). Participants engaged in conversations, expository discourse, and fable retells. We analyzed filled pauses as a function of hearing status and discourse contexts and evaluated the relationship between filled pauses and language ability. CHH produced <i>uh</i> across discourse contexts more often than their hearing peers. CHH did not differ in their use of <i>um</i> relative to CTH. Both <i>um</i> and <i>uh</i> were used more often in conversational samples compared to other types of discourse. Spearman's correlations did not show any significant associations between the rate of filled pauses and standardized language scores. These results indicate that CHH produces <i>uh</i> more often than CTH, suggesting that they may have difficulty retrieving lexical-semantic items during ongoing speech. This information may be useful for interventionists who are collecting language samples during assessment.