X-RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL ARTEFACTS AT ISLAMABAD MUSEUM, (PAKISTAN)

This paper treats the study carried out using the scientific techniques of portable XRF analysis of the artifacts preserved at Islamabad Museum, Pakistan. The hand-held X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy technique is significantly helpful as a tool for the scientific study of cultural material, due to its non-invasive and non-destructive treatment for chemical analysis of archaeological objects. The Portable ED-XRF (SPECTRO x SORT) was used to analyze Islamabad Museum artifacts to identify the chemical composition of material used by the artisans and craftsmen from pre-historic period to our Common Era. Several different mediums of material such as; clay, schist, terracotta, stucco, bronze, gold, etc. have been extensively used by artisans throughout the history of mankind on the soil of this part of the world. The substantial analysis and results of the chemical composition of different types of material have provided concrete pieces of evidence of the advancement of technique, technology, craftsmanship, and economy of our ancient civilizations and culture while living in different types of societies from the Paleolithic period to the Islamic period. These techniques have provided more opportunities to learn and acquire better knowledge and understanding about the significance of the cultural heritage of Pakistan. Besides, it will help to protect and preserve the rich cultural material for posterity.