Research Progress on Non-O1 and non-O139 <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> in Aquatic Animals and Its Public Health Significance

Non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae is an important zoonotic pathogen that has gained increasing attention as an emerging pathogen in both aquaculture and public health sectors in recent years. This review summarizes the latest research progress on these pathogens in aquatic animals, covering aspects such as classification and identification, epidemiological characteristics, virulence factors, impact on aquatic animals, antibiotic resistance, prevention and control measures, and zoonotic potential. Studies have shown that non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae are widely distributed in aquaculture environments globally, exhibiting complex host ranges and seasonal variations. These strains possess diverse virulence factors capable of causing various diseases in aquatic animals, resulting in significant economic losses to the aquaculture industry. Concurrently, non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae have demonstrated increasing antibiotic resistance, with the transmission and evolution of resistance genes becoming a major concern. To address these challenges, researchers have made positive strides in vaccine development, biological control, and aquaculture environment management. However, developing broad-spectrum and effective control strategies remains challenging due to the genetic diversity and adaptability of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae. Furthermore, as potential zoonotic pathogens, non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae pose a threat to food safety and public health through contaminated aquatic products. Future research should focus on genomics, host-pathogen interaction mechanisms, and the development of novel prevention and control strategies. Multidisciplinary collaboration and international cooperation are crucial for a deeper understanding of this complex pathogen and the formulation of effective control measures, which will contribute significantly to the sustainable development of aquaculture and global public health security.