INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PERIOPERATIVE GLYCEMIC CONTROL AND SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH DIABETES

Diabetes mellitus is a well-recognized risk factor for surgical site infections (SSIs), primarily due to impaired immune response and delayed wound healing associated with hyperglycemia. Maintaining optimal blood glucose levels during the perioperative period may reduce SSI rates, yet clinical practices vary. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between perioperative glycemic control and the incidence of SSIs among diabetic patients undergoing surgery. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted on 100 diabetic patients undergoing various surgical procedures. Patients were stratified into two groups based on their perioperative blood glucose levels: controlled (<180 mg/dL) and uncontrolled (≥180 mg/dL). Data on demographics, type of surgery, glycemic values, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Statistical analyses included chi-square test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. Results: SSIs occurred in 12% of the study population. The incidence was significantly higher in patients with uncontrolled perioperative glycemia (20%) compared to those with controlled glucose levels (4%) (p=0.010). The Mann–Whitney U test showed longer hospital stays and higher glucose values in the uncontrolled group (p<0.05). Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed a significantly reduced SSI-free survival in the uncontrolled group (p=0.013.Hence, Uncontrolled perioperative hyperglycemia in diabetic patients is significantly associated with increased risk of SSIs. Effective glycemic management during the perioperative period may contribute to improved surgical outcomes and reduced postoperative complications.