Methodology for greening transport and logistics systems in the context of sustainable development: approaches to emission reduction

Purpose. The main objective of the presented research is to evaluate the potential advantages and opportunities for the implementation of a comprehensive methodology for greening urban transport and logistics systems in Ukraine, particularly identifying the most effective measures for reducing emissions in the transport sector with minimal costs. Results. Based on an analysis of scientific sources and recent studies in the field of transport greening, a three-tiered approach has been developed, covering organisational and technological measures. The proposed methodology allows for adapting environmental actions to the real conditions and budgets of cities. The first tier focuses on improving driving behaviour and vehicle maintenance. The second tier includes using navigation systems and intelligent traffic lights to optimise traffic flow. The third tier supports transitioning to hybrid and electric vehicles and developing cycling infrastructure. An integrated approach could achieve up to a 96 % reduction in emissions, which is the most effective in achieving environmental targets. Our methodology offers a unique, adaptable and step-by-step approach that allows adapting its implementation to different levels of readiness of cities to adopt and finance environmental measures, thereby making a contribution to sustainable urban development. Scientific novelty. A three-tiered approach to greening transport and logistics systems using modern technological and organisational measures has been proposed for the first time. Practical recommendations have been developed for local authorities and enterprises on implementing greening measures, which can be used both in theoretical research and in practice. Practical value. The results of the presented research may be of interest to city administrations for implementing effective environmental policies in transport and logistics systems. The proposed methodology allows for the evaluation of economic costs and environmental benefits for each measure, contributing to better integration of environmental aspects into urban planning and transport management.