Deformation monitoring and spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of Jungong landslide based on InSAR technology

Abstract The reactivated Jungong paleo-landslide (Upper Yellow River) poses dual threats to resident safety and potential disaster chains. This study characterizes the deformation dynamics and spatiotemporal evolution of the Jungong landslide using InSAR and time-series analysis. The results indicate that the landslide is undergoing persistent deformation at rates ranging from −50 to −84 mm/year. The time-series deformation exhibits a linear growth trend, and the area affected by deformation continues to expand. The deformation velocity follows a power-law distribution, indicating a likely increase in future landslide movement rates. The landslide deformation demonstrates distinct seasonal variations, with the magnitude and velocity of deformation during the freeze-thaw cycles period significantly exceeding those observed during the rainy season. ‌Freeze-thaw cycles are the dominant factor driving deformation in this landslide, with rainfall playing a secondary role. This research provides important theoretical insights and valuable references for long-term deformation monitoring of paleo-landslides in high-altitude regions.