Evaluation of risk factors to prevent conversion of prediabetes to diabetes mellitus type- II

Objective: To evaluate risk factors to prevent conversion of prediabetes to diabetes mellitus type II. Methodology: HbA1c of 200 cases age 21-50 years who reported at two hospitals of Hyderabad for general complaints but had symptoms closer to diabetes was analyzed. 108 cases were determined within prediabetic range. 93 subjects consented to participate in the study. Their profile, blood pressure, anthropometric measurements and blood samples were compiled for biochemical parameters. Results: 49% subjects were obese, 47% overweight, 25.8% in prehypertension and 71% have been suffering from hypertension (p<0.01). Mean systolic blood pressure was 131±9 and diastolic blood pressure 88±5, which was significantly higher in prediabetic subjects than control group. HbA1c was 5.9±0.26%, Fasting Plasma Sugar 112±9.2 mg/dl, Random Blood Sugar 138±14 mg/dl and Fasting Insulin 11.8±2.19 µIU/ml, higher than control. Magnesium level was1.9±0.24 mg/dl, which is on lower side and not statistically significant. HOMA-IR score was significantly high 3.48±1.19 and QUICKI level as 0.32±0.01, which is low as compared to control group. Conclusion: Evaluation of biochemical parameters can allow clinicians to formulate potential intervention at reversible stage of prediabetes for patients under immediate threat of Diabetes. Once diagnosed, routine monitoring of glucose along with balanced diet, regular exercise, increased intake of magnesium is recommended to prevent diabetes.