Quality Evaluation of Culture-Tourism Integration Based on a 3E Multi-Dimensional Subjective–Objective Hybrid Weighting Method

The development of culture–tourism is a complex process that requires a comprehensive and balanced assessment of economic, social, cultural, and environmental factors. While hybrid models that combine subjective and objective weighting exist in other domains, their application to the culture–tourism sector remains limited. This study addresses this gap by introducing a domain-specific Multi-Dimensional Hybrid Weighting Model that integrates expert-based judgments with data-driven evaluations, tailored specifically to the contextual challenges of culture–tourism integration. The proposed model combines Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for subjective weighting and entropy-based methods for objective weighting, synthesizing them through a hybrid weighting function. Applied to a case study in Florence, Italy, the model demonstrates enhanced robustness, interpretability, and fairness—defined here as balanced consideration of diverse stakeholder perspectives and equitable weighting of evaluation criteria—compared to traditional approaches. It captures regional disparities and provides actionable insights for more equitable and sustainable tourism policy-making. The results highlight how multi-dimensional assessments can support responsive planning and effective decision-making in complex cultural environments. The framework is highly adaptable and offers significant value for urban planning, cultural resource management, and strategic tourism development across diverse contexts.