Efficient protocol for exploring the quantum interference and entanglement of Dirac particles

Abstract We propose a protocol to effectively study the interference of Dirac particles in phase space. The negativity of the quasiprobability distribution in phase space and the entanglement between the internal and external degrees of freedom constitute the non-classical manifestations of this interference. The protocol makes use of a synthetic quantum Rabi model, which is obtained by applying a parametric drive to the Jaynes-Cummings model. When the parametric drive is almost resonant with the cavity frequency, the effective system Hamiltonian takes the same form as the one-dimensional Dirac particle Hamiltonian. We explore the quantum interference using this equivalent model and find that the interference pattern can occur even in the absence of the Zitterbewegung effect. In addition, we simulate the quantum behavior of Dirac particles encountering potential barriers through the simulation of Klein tunneling. These non-classical effects offer potential applications in fields such as quantum computing.