Nephroprotective Effects of N-Hexane Extract of Jatropha Gossypifolia Leaves in Isoniazid Induced Kidney Damage in Wistar Rats

This study aimed to investigate the effect of n-hexane extract of Jatropha gossypifolia on isoniazid-induced kidney damage in Wistar rats. Serum levels of urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, and bicarbonate, alongside kidney tissue antioxidant activities (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA)), were assessed using standard methods. The study utilized a completely randomized block design (CRBD) with 25 rats (200 g–300 g) divided into five groups. Groups 1 (normal control) and 2 (positive control) received distilled water, while groups 3, 4, and 5 were pretreated with 200 mg/kg Jatropha gossypifolia extract, 400 mg/kg extract, and 200 mg/kg vitamin E, respectively. After daily pretreatment for 21 days, 50 mg/kg of isoniazid was administered to groups 2–5 to induce kidney damage. All treatments were administered orally. On day 21, the rats were sacrificed under chloroform anesthesia, and blood and kidney tissue samples were collected for analysis. Results indicated that isoniazid significantly (p<0.05) increased serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, and MDA levels, while SOD, CAT, GSH, and bicarbonate activities were significantly (p<0.05) reduced compared to the normal control. However, Jatropha gossypifolia treatment (200mg/kg and 400mg/kg) significantly enhanced antioxidant activities and bicarbonate levels while reducing serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium, chloride, and MDA levels. These findings suggest that Jatropha gossypifolia contains antioxidant compounds that may protect against isoniazid-induced kidney damage.