Molecular genetic predictors of pelvic organ prolapse in women of reproductive age

Background. Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a pathology that significantly affects the health and social life of women of reproductive age. According to research, 25–30% of women worldwide experience symptoms associated with POP. Many of them do not have obstetric or somatic risk factors, but POP is detected. This indicates the realization of a genetic predisposition in the formation of mental health in young women. Aim. To identify molecular genetic predictors of POP in patients of reproductive age. Materials and methods. A comparative study was conducted, which included 119 women of reproductive age. The first group (n=89) included patients with PT, the second group (n=30), the "control" group, – women without POP. All patients underwent polymorphism typing of genes encoding proteins involved in the formation of connective tissue (COL1A1:-1997 CA [rs1107946], COL1A1:1546 GT [rs1800012]), estrogen receptor genes (ESR1:-397 TC [rs2234693], ESR1:-351 AG [rs9340799]). Statistical processing was performed using Microsoft Excel (version 16.53, 2021), SPP Statistics 22.0, Statistica for Windows 10 (TIBCO Software Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA), StatTech v. 4.8.3 (Stattech LLC, Russia). Results. The polymorphism of the genes ESR1:-351-GG and COL1A1:1546-GT+TT is a predictor of the development of POP in patients of reproductive age. While the AG and AA genotypes in the ESR1:-351 and GG genes in COL1A1:1546 have a protective role in relation to the risk of developing PT. Conclusions. Disorders in the expression or polymorphism of connective tissue genes and estrogen receptors can lead to a weakening of supportive structures and the development of genital prolapse in women of reproductive age. It is necessary to continue research aimed at studying the genetic aspects of PT for a deep understanding of the mechanisms of development of this pathology and the creation of personalized treatment tactics for patients.