Teacher Classroom Management Practices and Students’ Discipline in Selected Government-Aided Secondary Schools in Mbarara City

Background: Student discipline is a key determinant of academic success and overall school effectiveness. In government-aided secondary schools, teachers' classroom management practices significantly influence students’ behaviour and conduct. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between teachers’ classroom management practices and students’ discipline in selected government-aided secondary schools in Mbarara City, Uganda. The objectives of the study were to establish the relationship between classroom organization and students’ discipline in selected government aided secondary schools in Mbarara City; to establish the relationship between classroom instruction and students’ discipline in selected government aided secondary schools in Mbarara City; to establish the relationship between supportive feedback and students’ discipline in selected government aided secondary schools in Mbarara City; and to establish the moderating role of school environment and students’ home background on the relationship between teacher classroom management practices and students’ discipline in selected government aided secondary schools in Mbarara City. Methodology: The study employed a cross-sectional research design, targeting a sample of 421 participants, including 106 teachers, 05 head teachers, 25 school disciplinary committees and 285 students and other relevant education stakeholders. Data was gathered using structured questionnaires and interviews. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS for correlation and regression statistics, while qualitative responses were analysed thematically. Results: The findings revealed a moderate positive and significant relationship between classroom organisation and students’ discipline (r = 0.537**, p < 0.01), and a strong positive relationship between classroom instruction and students’ discipline (r = 0.696**, p < 0.01). A weak but significant relationship was also observed between supportive feedback and students’ discipline (r = 0.378**, p < 0.01). Further regression analysis showed that the school environment and students’ home background had a statistically significant moderating effect (β = 0.201, p < 0.01) on the relationship between classroom management practices and student discipline. Conclusion: Effective classroom management—particularly classroom organisation and instruction—plays a critical role in enhancing student discipline in government-aided secondary schools. Recommendations: The study recommends that the Ministry of Education and other stakeholders in Mbarara City should invest in strengthening classroom management practices by improving classroom layout, enhancing instructional delivery, and creating platforms for teachers to reflect on their classroom practices. Teachers should be empowered to frequently monitor students’ work and maintain interactive engagement during lessons to support discipline and learning outcomes.