Application of the hydro-monitor in deep-sea hydro-mining of solid minerals from the seabed

The article presents the results of research on the efficiency of hydro-monitors in deep-sea mining of solid minerals. It is established that the use of high-pressure water jets fed through pipelines to the hydro-monitor significantly facilitates the destruction and extraction of seabed materials. It has been determined that nozzle design and optimisation, as well as the angle of inclination of the water jet significantly affect the extraction efficiency. It is shown that the use of camouflage blasting in combination with erlift minimises environmental impact compared to conventional mining methods. Hydromonitors are found to reduce the environmental footprint associated with deepwater mining and are consistent with sustainable development goals. Innovative approaches that minimise the destruction of marine ecosystems while maximising resource recovery are evaluated. The advantages of hydro-monitors in improving extraction efficiency, safety and environmental sustainability are presented. The results of the research may be useful in developing operational protocols for deep-sea mining with a focus on sustainable practices, as well as for improving the technologies used in hydro-mining.