From Platforms to Institutions: Digitalization of Small and Medium Enterprises as a Factor of Modernization of the Russian Economy

The article explores the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Russia as an institutional process extending beyond platform-based solutions. The concept of «digital institutionalization» is introduced, where digitalization is seen as a transformation not only of business models, but also of formal and informal institutions. Special attention is given to medium-sized businesses as the most vulnerable segment facing institutional traps. Based on the analysis of regulatory and structural barriers, the authors propose a model of institutional support for SME digitalization, including a digital enterprise profile, smart contract mechanisms, and reputation indices. The article concludes with the necessity of shifting from technological infrastructure to an institutional logic of digital economic policy.