Analysis of the Impact of Cross-Border Energy Trade on the Energy Security of European Countries

Abstract The study is devoted to analyzing the impact of cross-border energy trade on the energy security of European countries and the management of energy flows at the international level. The main goal is to assess changes in the energy market structure and analyze management models for coordinating cross-border energy flows, mainly using the example of ENTSO-E. In the context of an unstable geopolitical environment, the problem of finding optimal mechanisms for ensuring energy security through international coordination of energy trade arises. It is precisely the lack of coordination of cross-border energy flows and the risks of supply disruptions that require systematic scientific analysis. To achieve this goal, the study employed system analysis, comparative and content analysis of regulatory documents, and economic-statistical analysis of the dynamics of cross-border energy trade. The main results indicate that cross-border trade plays a critical role in ensuring the region’s energy sustainability, and the integration of the Ukrainian energy system into ENTSO-E contributes to the stability of the energy supply and the expansion of its role in the European energy market. At the same time, international mechanisms for managing energy flows, particularly the market and balancing mechanisms of ENTSO-E, ensure effective coordination between countries and increase energy security. The study visualizes the elements of the energy flow management process using the case of ENTSO-E, which allows us to clearly demonstrate the mechanisms for coordinating cross-border energy trade. It is concluded that further research in this area should focus on improving models for managing cross-border energy flows, providing financial support for integrating RES, and analyzing the impact of digital technologies on optimizing energy management.