Evidence of the consequences of the prolonged fire season on air quality and public health from 2024 São Paulo (Brazil) data
Over the last decade, the number of forest fires in Brazil has been increasing continuously. In 2024, the number of forest fires in São Paulo state reached unprecedented levels. This phenomenon, combined with unfavorable conditions for pollutant concentrations, given temperature and precipitation anomalies, resulted in high concentrations of pollutants for several weeks, mainly affecting the number of hospitalizations of the most vulnerable age groups, children (due to respiratory diseases) and older adults (due to cerebrovascular diseases) in the city of São Paulo. The Incidence Rate Ratio calculations demonstrate how different age groups are differently affected by changes in pollutant concentrations and meteorological variables, so that air temperature, relative humidity, concentration of Particulate Matter, SO<sub>2</sub>, NO<sub>2</sub>, and O<sub>3</sub> are the main variables that affect hospitalizations by respiratory, cerebrovascular or cardiovascular diseases.
Authors
- Gregori de Arruda Moreira (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4698-0510)
- Andrés M. Vélez-Pereira (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1557-8684)
- Jonatan J. da Silva
- Nuno Rosa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4604-0780)
- Montserrat Puig (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8641-5706)
- Samara Carbone (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3397-1183)
- Juan Luís Guerrero-Rascado (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8317-2304)
- Alexandre Cacheffo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-7434)
- Paloma Cariñanos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8955-2383)
- Maria João Costa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6395-6868)
- Eduardo Landulfo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9691-5306)
- Thiago P Diaz
- Antonio Arleques Gomes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3158-8217)
- Izabel da Silva Andrade (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0732-3630)
- Fábio Lopes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7243-7197)
- Ediclê de Souza Fernandes Duarte (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2785-6648)
- Dirk Thielen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4102-1927)
- Ezequiel Zamora-Ledezma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5315-2708)
- María Florencia Tames (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3304-3376)
- Juan Pallotta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4846-8748)
- Luiz Souza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9409-886X)
- Mendoza Cárdenas
- Henrique M P Aveiro
- Laura Silva Pelicer
Institutions
- University of Mendoza (AR)
- Federal Institute of São Paulo (BR)
- National Technological University (AR)
- Universidad de Granada (ES)
- University of Tarapacá (CL)
- Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas (VE)
- University of Évora (PT)
- Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahia (BR)
- Instituto Andaluz de Ciencias de la Tierra (ES)
- Instituto de Ciências Farmacêuticas (BR)
- Universidade Federal de Uberlândia (BR)
- Universidade Federal de São Paulo (BR)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2025-08-04
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-08542-w
- Citations
- 2
- Primary Topic
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 2.40
Funders
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico