Computational insights into silver oxide nanoparticles on flow and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux through a Koo and Kleinstreuer model: A heat transfer application

The special features of silver-capped iron nanoparticles, like their excellent ability to conduct heat, adjustable magnetism, and resistance to rust, make them highly sought after for industrial heat transfer uses. The medical and industrial fields are rapidly adopting a new technology that shows promise in areas such as electronics cooling, biomedical heating, solar thermal, and nanofluids. The flow of silver-capped iron nanoparticles through a Forchheimer medium with the CC effect is the subject of this work because of these applications. Additionally, thermal radiation and exponential heat sources are considered. The mixed convective situation improves the boundary. The governing equations of flow are reduced by employing similarity transformations from a PDE to an ODE. Utilizing a set of similar variables, the modeled problem will be converted into a set of ODEs. With RKF-45, the resulting set of ODEs will be solved. Through the graphs, the behaviours of many significant parameters will be examined and discussed in cases when these factors are [Formula: see text]and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] Velocity of the fluid is more controllebele in hybrid nanoparticles case then that of nanoparticles case. Rate of heat transfer is more influence by silver capped iron oxide nanoparticle when compared to silver nanoparticles. The temperature profile increases when [Formula: see text] improves. There is an improvement in the thermal boundary layer as well. Convective cooling diminishes with decreasing velocity, and thermal energy tends to build up, increasing the fluid's temperature. Reduced flow further thickens the thermal boundary layer, which raises the temperature profile even more. For both silver and silver oxide nanoparticles Nusselt number increases when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] values grow. However, when [Formula: see text] values rise, the reverse effect is seen. Silver nanoparticles and silver oxide nanoparticles, skin friction decreases as the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] parameters increase.