Andrographolide attenuates oxidative stress and apoptosis in osteoporosis rats via MEK/ERK and Beclin-1/ATG-5-mediated autophagy pathway

These findings indicate that AG possesses antioxidant and anti-osteoporosis properties, and that its mechanism may be linked to the MEK/ERK and Beclin-1/ATG-5-mediated autophagy pathways. These results establish the groundwork for the development of AG as an osteoporosis treatment, as well as new directions and therapeutic targets for the intervention of oxidative stress and autophagy-related disorders.