Review on FSO Techniques and Modulation Schemes for a Fiber-FSO Hybrid Optical Communication System based on FPGA

Optical fiber communication and wireless technologies play pivotal roles in the field of communication. When it comes to the advancement of technology and transfer of data, researchers attempt to combine the advantages of both. The foundation for wireless technology is optical communication technology. Moreover, FSO systems are used to communicate at high speeds over long distances of several kilometers between two fixed destinations. The channels of FSO have a greater optical bandwidth than their radio-frequency (RF) counterparts, allowing for a greater rate of data transfer. They are used for a wide range of applications, like lengthening of MAN, connection from one LAN to another, back-up of fiber, backhaul for wireless cellular networks, HDTV and medical video/image transfer, wireless video surveillance etc. Researches conducted in the area of Free Space Optical (FSO) communication using Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) is very limited. This SLR’s (Systematic Literature Review) primary goal is to find out upcoming advancements in the area of FSO and the different suitable Modulation schemes leading to the construction of FPGA based blended Fiber - FSO Communication Systems. While conventional systems operate using a set modulation formats, adaptive modulation systems are supposed to give significant flexibility. With different modulation methods, and approaches, this review elaborates the adaptability of FPGA based FSOs. This FPGA based fiber- FSO systems can be applied in fields of safe data transfer, small radiation noise, high BER, and large data transmissions. The study’s findings can be applied in future to guide researches in this area.