Evolutionary History of Decapod Shrimp Based on Comparative Genomics

Decapod shrimps include shrimps, prawns, crayfishes and other groups, and have important research value in terms of biodiversity and evolutionary adaptation. In recent years, with the development of sequencing technology, a large number of shrimp genomes have been deciphered, providing unprecedented opportunities for revealing their evolutionary history based on comparative genomics. This article reviews the diversity and phylogeny of decapod shrimps and the latest progress in shrimp genome resources, focusing on the application of comparative genomics in clarifying the evolutionary relationships, key evolutionary events and environmental adaptation mechanisms of shrimps. For example, through genome comparative analysis, researchers found that the explosive expansion of simple repeat sequences (SSR) in the shrimp genome is closely related to its adaptive evolution; the genomes of eusocial species such as pistol shrimps have significantly expanded due to transposon accumulation. In a case study, we introduce how comparative genomic analysis of the Alpheidae family reveals the relationship between social behavior and genome evolution. Finally, the future direction of comparative genomics of decapod shrimps is prospected, such as deepening pan-genome construction and functional genome verification, to further reveal the full picture of shrimp evolutionary history. This article aims to show that comparative genomics has become an indispensable tool in the study of decapod shrimp evolution, providing a new perspective for understanding the evolution and adaptation of marine organisms.