Assessment of environmental efficiency in achieving sustainable development goals of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation

Aim. To carry out a comparative analysis of the environmental efficiency of development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the long term in the context of the implementation of the principles of the “green” economy. The study was conducted on the basis of open data concerning the ecological and economic development of nine subjects and three federal districts of the Russian Federation in 2010–2022. Economic, mathematical and statistical methods were used, including correlation and regression analysis and methods for assessing the manifestation of the long-term positive effect of decoupling. It has been established that in the districts studied, as a whole, in the long-term period, there is an increase in environmental efficiency of economies in terms of emissions into the atmosphere, polluted wastewater discharge and fresh water usage, but there may be significant interregional differences and in some cases a decrease in environmental efficiency may be observed. The implementation of "green" investments in fixed capital in the regions is highly differentiated in scale and dynamics, is often unstable and their impact on increasing environmental efficiency is unstable. Against the background of regional economic growth, the environmental situation may significantly worsen in terms of individual factors, for example carbon monoxide emissions into the atmosphere. Investments in fixed capital aimed at environmental protection and rational use of natural resources may contribute to increased environmental efficiency. To achieve the goals of a "green" economy, comprehensive solutions are needed that ensure a sustainable inflow of "green" investments into regions in accordance with their regional structure.