Soil microbiomes as component of pedosphere biodiversity and factor in formation of crop yields

The study aimed to evaluate the mechanisms of interaction between soil microbiomes and leading crops to optimise yields and product quality in agricultural production. A comprehensive analysis of the physical and chemical properties of soils (chernozems, grey forest and podzolic soils) and the composition of the soil microbiome, including the number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria Rhizobium and Azotobacter, bacteria Bacillus spp, representatives of the genus Streptomyces, and fungi Glomus spp. The highest yields of Kalbex wheat (50 c/ha), Rhodes corn (80 c/ha), and Kingstone soybeans (30 c/ha) were recorded when these crops were grown on black soils. Grey forest soils and podzolic soils showed lower productivity and crop quality. The number of nitrogen-fixing bacteria Rhizobium and Azotobacter in chernozems reached 6 million colony-forming units (CFU) per gram of soil, while in podzolic soils it was the lowest – 3 million CFU per gram of soil. The mycorrhizal fungi Glomus spp. were also most abundant in black soil, with 8 million spores per gram of soil. The study examined the impact of the soil microbiome on the yield of selected crops. A correlation analysis of the microbiome and yields was conducted. The impact of the soil microbiome on crop quality was analysed. The results confirmed that chernozems provide the best conditions for growing crops due to their high biological activity and optimal physical and chemical properties, making them an ideal choice for agronomic practice