Organic raspberry cultivation in Lviv region

The purpose of this study was to establish scientifically based approaches to the use of biological methods of raspberry protection to increase both yield and quality in organic farming. The study investigated the effectiveness of biological means of protecting raspberries from the main pests, specifically aphids (Aphis ruborum), caterpillars, and raspberry beetle (Byturus tomentosus), in the field conditions of Lviv region. Three types of biological agents were used for the experiment: entomophages (ladybugs, trichogramma) and bioinsecticides based on Bacillus thuringiensis. The experimental design included a control group without protection, groups with the use of individual agents, and a combined group where all methods were used simultaneously. The count of pests and the level of fruit damage were analysed on a decadal basis during the growing season, which lasted from May to August. The findings revealed that the combined use of biological agents was the most effective. The use of ladybugs reduced the count of aphids by 85%, trichogramma reduced fruit damage by caterpillars by 90%, while bioinsecticides reduced yield losses caused by raspberry beetles by 60%. In the combined group, the count of pests decreased by up to 98%, while yield losses were reduced to a minimum. The economic analysis confirmed the feasibility of using biological methods: the combined approach increased the profitability of raspberry cultivation by 35% while ensuring that the products met organic farming standards. The findings of the study demonstrated the high efficiency of biological pest control agents, their economic viability, and environmental safety. The findings are of practical significance for organic farming and can be used as recommendations for farmers