SPIRITUAL DISCOURSE OF MALAY ADOLESCENTS IN THE NOVEL DESTINASI IMPIAN BASED ON THE SPB4K THEORY: AN ANALYSIS OF SOCIAL CONTROVERSY AND CRITICISM

This study aims to analyse the spiritual thought of Malay adolescents as portrayed in five selected novels from the 2020 KOMSAS syllabus, based on the worldview and philosophical perspectives of the authors. Employing the theoretical framework of the Integrated Thinking System 4K (SPB4K), pioneered by Mohd Yusof Hassan, this research focuses on spiritual thinking as the dominant element manifested through character development, dialogue, and narrative events. The five novels were analysed qualitatively to identify spiritual values related to human relationships with God, fellow human beings, and the natural world. The findings reveal that these literary works are rich in spiritual elements that have the potential to shape the personality and identity of Malay adolescents, thereby aligning with the aspirations of the National Education Philosophy (NEP). This study affirms the significant role of adolescent literature, particularly the KOMSAS novels, as a medium for character development through a literary approach grounded in spiritual values.