Modeling of Structural Equations for Green Supply Chain Optimization Driven by Digital Economy and Performance Analysis

Industry 4.0 technologies are redefining green supply chains as dual-force systems: catalytic drivers for corporate sustainability that must concurrently address digitalization-derived efficiencies and emergent ecological trade-offs. In order to deeply explore how the digital economy influences enterprise performance through green supply chain practices, a structural equation model including the digital economy, green supply chain optimization, green innovation capabilities and performance improvement was studied and constructed, and policy support and the maturity of digital culture were introduced as moderating factors. Based on the questionnaire survey, simulation data was designed and generated. Using SEM analytical techniques, the study systematically tested hypothesized causal paths between variables and verified the overall model specification through multiple goodness-of-fit measures. The research results show that the digital economy significantly enhances enterprise performance through the direct path and the intermediary path of green innovation and green supply chain. Among them, the optimization of the green supply chain has played a key mediating role in performance improvement. Empirical evidence indicates that advanced digital cultural development serves as a catalytic driver for digital economic growth, while institutional policy interventions effectively foster sustainable environmental initiatives. Studies demonstrate that strategic alignment between digital economic systems and eco-conscious supply chain operations can establish a dual-benefit mechanism, simultaneously optimizing corporate profitability and ecological sustainability.