Lead Removal Using Biosorbent from <i>Sulcospira testudinaria</i> Shells

Heavy metals are hazardous to the environment and living creatures because they cannot be decomposed naturally. Lead is one example of a heavy metal that has a high risk of creating environmental pollution, particularly in water. In this study, the heavy metal lead content was reduced using adsorption with Sulcospira testudinaria shell as a biosorbent. The samples were treated with various conditions, such as without calcination (A), calcination at 500°C (B), and 700°C (C), which were analyzed using FTIR and XRD. Characterization data confirms the presence of functional groups on the material's surface that will interact with lead metal and CaCO 3 decomposition caused by calcination temperature treatment. The adsorption findings of lead metal ions with calcination temperature adjustments showed the best adsorption on the Sulcospira testudinaria shell adsorbent, with an adsorption efficiency (%R) of 97.7% employing material B. This research contributes to reducing solid waste from Sulcospira testudinaria shells while informing the public about how to use shell waste. It can be utilized by the government to address the issue of lead metal pollution in waters.