Enhanced energy harvesting from NF-PVDF piezoelectric material for wearable electronics: I– V characterization and charge-discharge performance

Abstract This study explores the utilization of fabricated piezoelectric polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber (NF-PVDF) materials in wearable electronic sensing applications by investigating their current-voltage ( $$\:I-V$$ ) characteristics under controlled ultra-low-frequency excitation forces. The results demonstrate a significant power harvesting capability, achieving an output power of 0.12 µW/mm 2 at an operating point of 5.04 V and 7.7 µA. Additionally, the piezoelectric harvester was integrated into a charging-discharge circuit alongside a rectifier capacitor and a typical IoT wearable sensor, leveraging the advantages of a flexible substrate. Experimental measurements of the charging and discharging curves confirm the effective energy management of the system, indicating a robust potential for deployment in real-world sensing applications. These findings highlight the promising application of NF-PVDF in sustainable energy harvesting for next-generation wearable technologies.