MRI Versus Histopathology: Evaluating Diagnostic Accuracy in Detecting Endometrioma

Introduction Endometriosis is a condition characterized by the presence of ectopic endometrial glands surrounded by endometrial stroma. When this occurs within the ovaries, it is referred to as an endometrioma. It commonly affects women of reproductive age and typically presents as cyclical lower abdominal pain. Diagnosing endometriosis remains a clinical challenge. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is considered more specific than sonography for detecting endometriomas. Objective This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of MRI in detecting endometriomas, using histopathological findings as the gold standard. Subject and methods A total of 139 women suspected of having endometriomas based on clinical symptoms were included in the study. Data were collected using a structured, interview-based questionnaire, which covered sociodemographic information, clinical symptoms, sonographic findings, MRI results, and histopathological confirmation. Results The mean age of participants was 25.68 ± 4.49 years. MRI showed a sensitivity of 95.9% (93/97), specificity of 85.7% (36/42), positive predictive value (PPV) of 93.9% (93/99), negative predictive value (NPV) of 80.0% (36/40), and an overall diagnostic accuracy of 92.8%. Conclusion The findings indicate that MRI has high sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy in detecting endometriomas, supporting its role as a reliable diagnostic tool.