A rare clinical scenario: Fungal cystitis leading to the onset of unilateral hydronephrosis and hepatic mycosis in a non‐descript dog

Abstract Urinary tract infection is common in dogs, typically attributed to bacterial causes, while fungal urinary tract infections are relatively uncommon. An 11‐month‐old, non‐descript male dog was presented with anorexia, haematuria, stranguria, emaciation and mild dehydration. Imaging of the abdomen revealed an irregular mass adhering to the dorsal bladder wall and hydronephrosis of the left kidney. Urine cytology revealed the presence of Candida species. Treatment encompassed antibiotics, antifungal agents and surgical excision of the bladder mass. While there was initial improvement, the dog's condition deteriorated with severe abdominal distension. Ultrasonography revealed hypoechoic masses in the liver and abdomen without detectable blood flow. Subsequently, the dog collapsed. Histopathology of samples confirmed the presence of fungal elements in the liver and bladder. This case underscores the importance of considering fungal pathogens in urinary tract infection cases, especially in dogs, which is a potentially life‐threatening infection.