Combination of Silver Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Karaerik Extract and Cisplatin: Effects on Breast Cancer Cells

Nanoparticle-based therapies provide targeted drug delivery with reduced side effects, making them promising options for cancer treatment. This study examines the anticancer and oxidative effects of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) derived from the Karaerik grape (Vitis vinifera L., Vitaceae), a variety known for its high antioxidant capacity, both alone and in combination with cisplatin (CP) on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. AgNPs were synthesized using the plant leaf extract and characterized through UV-Vis, SEM-EDX, and FT-IR techniques. MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to 10 and 20 μg mL⁻¹ AgNPs, 25 μM CP, and their combinations for 24, 48, and 72 hours. Cytotoxicity was analyzed using the MTT assay, and IC50 values were determined. Parameters of oxidative stress, including total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), and oxidative stress index (OSI), were evaluated to assess oxidative balance disruption. The combination of AgNPs and CP led to a significantly greater reduction in cell viability compared to individual treatments (p