Seedling Regeneration and Biodiversity Conservation in Gullele Botanical Garden, Finfinnee, Ethiopia

Gullele Botanical Garden (GBG) plays a pivotal role in biodiversity conservation and ecological restoration in Ethiopia’s rapidly urbanizing capital, Finfinnee. The patterns and dynamics of seedling regeneration in GBG are critical for understanding forest recovery processes, particularly in transitioning from exotic monocultures (e.g., <i>Eucalyptus</i>) to indigenous ecosystems. This shift is vital for enhancing ecological resilience, supporting native flora and fauna, and mitigating climate change impacts. Ecologically, seedling regeneration in GBG is influenced by climatic variability, soil conditions, and interspecific competition. Native species such as <i>Juniperus procera</i> and <i>Podocarpus falcatus</i> exhibit varying recruitment success due to moisture availability, light penetration, and soil fertility. Anthropogenic factors, including invasive species encroachment and human disturbance, further complicate regeneration dynamics. Active restoration strategies, such as enrichment planting, invasive species removal, and assisted natural regeneration, have accelerated succession toward indigenous forests. From a socio-cultural perspective, GBG is an educational platform, fostering public awareness of native biodiversity and sustainable land-use practices. Community engagement in restoration initiatives enhances stewardship, ensuring long-term conservation success. However, balancing recreational use with ecological integrity remains challenging, necessitating adaptive management approaches. Comparatively, GBG’s restoration model aligns with global urban conservation paradigms, demonstrating how botanical gardens can reconcile ecological and societal needs. By integrating scientific research, traditional knowledge, and participatory governance, GBG exemplifies urban green spaces as catalysts for biodiversity resilience. To sustain these gains, future efforts should prioritize long-term monitoring, climate-adaptive species selection, and policy support. Ultimately, GBG’s experience offers valuable insights for urban ecological restoration in Africa and beyond.