Purification and characterization of bioactive compound from Euphorbia heyneana Spreng extracts

This study aimed to systematically purify, characterize, and evaluate the phytochemicals of Euphorbia heyneana Spreng, showing their potential antibacterial activity at the molecular level and also assessing its cytotoxicity. The purification and identification were achieved through quantitative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The cytotoxicity of the HPLC-purified compounds was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. It has been commonly used as a traditional medicine to treat various ailments. This potent medicinal plant possesses antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, diuretic, and anti-ulcerative colitis properties. The major compounds identified in GC-MS analysis of chloroform extract E. heyneana Spreng were 10-methylnonadecane (0.190%), Hexadecane, 2,6,11,15-tetramethyl (0.256%), 3-chloropropionic acid, and hexadecyl ester (10.192%). Extract from E. heyneana Spreng showed potent antibacterial activity against common pathogenic microorganisms and may be a useful resource for therapeutic uses, particularly in the discovery of novel antimicrobial medicines.