Transforming Urban Landscapes: Circular Economy Practices in European Cities

Abstract The transition to a circular economy (CE) is a cornerstone of sustainable urban development, directly addressing environmental, social, and economic challenges. This article explores the varied approaches to CE adopted by six European cities - Guimarães, Lisbon, Riga, Oulu, Munich, and Malmö - highlighting their innovative initiatives in digitalization, awareness raising, governance schemes, waste management, public procurements, mapping of flows, and the exploitation of unused spaces. By analyzing these domains, this article provides actionable insights for cities aiming to enhance sustainability through CE practices.