Trade relations between the indigenous peoples of the Amur region and the Manchus in the second half of the 19th – the beginning of the 20th centuries

This article examines the features of the formation and development of trade and economic relations between the peoples of the Amur region and the Manchus in the second half of the second half of the 19th - the beginning of the 20th centuries. The author analyzes the causes and factors of the formation of trade cooperation in the Amur region, including colonization of the Amur lands by the Russian state and the Qing Empire, invasion of imperialists on Chinese lands, etc. The study presents the main documents regulating trade cooperation, as well as the changes in trade rules - from free trade to the introduction of restrictions, duties, customs control. The article also analyzes the main types of trade that existed in the Amur region at that time, as well as the niches occupied by various peoples: the Russians, the Chinese, the Manchus and small peoples. Attention in the study is paid to the difficulties that arose in the Russian-Manchu trade relations in the late 19th - early 20th centuries in connection with the Boxer Rebellion, as well as the role of trade cooperation in the Amur region for Russia and China.