Are 15-minute cities for children? Exploring the socio-economic factors in Madrid

The emergence of 15-minute cities marks a pivotal shift in urban planning, prioritizing accessible amenities within walking distance.This study examines its application in Madrid, Spain, with a focus on children.Firstly, an algorithm is developed to delineate the maximum walkable area around each census tract.Secondly, services that are essential for children aged 6-16 within a k-minute walking time are identified, along with the census tracts in which such access is available.Finally, a spatial probit model uncovers factors affecting accessibility, revealing correlations with income level, population density, gender, and family structure.These findings offer valuable insights for policymakers and urban planners aiming to create more equitable and liveable urban environments.