Role of Surfactants and Metal Doped Dye Systems in Enhancing DSSC Performance Using Malachite Green and Congo Red

Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) are emerging as a promising and innovative technology, offering a low-cost alternative to traditional photovoltaic systems and facilitating high-efficiency solar energy conversion. Their performance is strongly influenced by dye stability and interfacial interactions. Therefore, this study explores the use of a dye mixtures-(Malachite Green and Congo Red)—in combination with surfactants (SDS, HTAB, Brij 35), metal dopants (Co2+, Tb3+) and deoxycholic acid (DCA) as a co-adsorbent to enhance DSSC performance. The notable performance of HTAB and Brij 35 surfactant systems highlights their potential role in the optimization of solar energy devices.