Frequency and Patterns of Cardiac Arrhythmias in Patients with Various Cardiorenal Syndromes Admitted to a Tertiary Care Hospital

Background: Over the past two decades, increasing attention has been paid to the interrelationship between renal and cardiac dysfunction. Cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) has emerged as a recognized clinical entity encompassing five distinct subtypes, classified based on the temporal sequence and nature of cardiac and renal dysfunction. Objective: To assess the frequency and patterns of cardiac arrhythmias in patients with various types of cardiorenal syndrome admitted to a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted over six months at a tertiary care center. A total of 163 patients diagnosed with CRS and admitted to the coronary care unit were included. Patients with an acute myocardial infarction in the preceding six weeks or with unreadable ECGs were excluded. Data on arrhythmias were obtained through standard 12-lead ECGs and 24–48-hour Holter monitoring, manually analyzed. IBM SPSS Statistics 27 was used for data analysis. Results: The mean age of participants was 63.50 ± 12.2 years, with 56.4% being male. The average estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 30.49 ml/min, and the mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was 40%. Cardiac arrhythmias were present in 156 patients (95.7%). Tachyarrhythmias were the most prevalent, followed by conduction blocks. Older age, increased preload, and reduced ejection fraction were independently associated with more severe arrhythmias in CRS patients. Conclusion: Cardiac arrhythmias are highly prevalent in patients with cardiorenal syndrome, with tachyarrhythmias being the predominant type. Age, elevated preload, and decreased ejection fraction were found to be independent correlates of clinically significant arrhythmias. Keywords: Ambulatory ECG recording, Arrhythmias, Cardiorenal Syndrome (CRS), Holter Monitoring.