UNMASKING HATE THROUGH SOCIO-LEGAL PERSPECTIVE: UNDERSTANDING THE ROOTS OF YOUTH ONLINE HATE SPEECH IN MALAYSIA

Online hate speech is an escalating concern in Malaysia, particularly among youths. Recent reports to the Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission (MCMC) indicate that issues related to race, religion, and royalty (3R) dominate complaints. The widespread use of social media, coupled with anonymity, has accelerated the spread of such content. This study explores the factors driving online hate speech among Malaysian youth and its broader societal impact. Employing qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders, alongside a doctrinal analysis of existing legal frameworks, the research evaluates the effectiveness of current regulations. The findings highlight the need for a multifaceted approach that integrates legal reforms, public education, and community initiatives to curb online hate speech. By fostering digital responsibility and ethical online engagement, this study contributes to the discourse on combating hate speech and promoting a safer, more inclusive digital landscape in Malaysia.