Prevalence and risk factors of postpartum depression in a tertiary care hospital in eastern province, Saudi Arabia

Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of postpartum depression (PPD) and identify associated risk factors among postpartum women in a tertiary care hospital in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among postpartum women following-up in King Fahad University Hospital. Data were collected through structured interviews using a validated electronic questionnaire administered via phone calls. Women who declined participation or submitted incomplete responses were excluded from the analysis. Results: A total of 252 participants were included. The prevalence of PPD, as assessed by the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale, was 27%. No significant association was found between sociodemographic characteristics and PPD. However, lower socioeconomic status emerged as a significant predictor (p = 0.044). Certain clinical and obstetric characteristics were also significantly associated with elevated PPD rates. The most prominent predictors included insufficient spousal support (OR = 7.02, p < 0.001), exposure to difficult life events (OR = 4.96, p < 0.001), and a prior history of PPD (OR = 4.50, p = 0.016). Conclusion: According to this study, obstetric and psychosocial factors were significant predictors of PPD. These findings emphasize the importance to incorporate psychosocial support and mental health screening into standard maternity care.