Artificial intelligence-a valuable complementary tool for teaching and learning veterinary anatomy

Veterinary anatomy is an essential course that provides a fundamental basis for various clinical specializations. Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being incorporated into anatomy education, revolutionizing the field through various tools such as 3D-printed models, virtual and augmented reality systems, the Anatomage table, virtual staining techniques, and virtual laboratories. 3D printing has been promoted in the last two decades, and successfully applied in anatomy, surgery and other educational fields. AI-driven virtual dissection platforms are an invaluable resource that provide high-quality anatomical simulations, with a more interactive and immersive learning experience that ensures students receive comprehensive training regardless of their location. Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) provide immersive, interactive experiences that significantly improve comprehension of intricate anatomical concepts. Anatomage is a digital dissection table that offers comprehensive anatomy resources for veterinary science for fully segmented, detailed and dissectible dog, cat and other animal scans. Instructors and clinicians can upload their own DICOM files. 3D visualization enables the usage of 3D models in education improves the quality of teaching and the learning outcomes of students with respect to visibility, clarity and quality of the 3D neuro-anatomical models using the XYZ-3D scanner. Virtual dissection might hinder the cultivation of clinical skills in future surgeons by denying students the chance to physically feel and explore the textures of anatomical structures. These technologies can be useful tools in veterinary histology. In virtual staining, histological stains are created by training neural networks to produce stained images from an unstained tissue image, or through transferring information from one stain to another. Virtual labs are computer-based simulations that allow students to conduct laboratory experiments online. They save time, reduce costs, and offer a safer alternative to traditional physical labs. Incorporating AI into veterinary anatomy education makes learning more accessible, scalable, and effective for students. AI-driven anatomical tools enable flexible understanding, unconstrained by location or time. Additionally, these resources can accommodate larger groups of students without requiring expanded physical facilities. Moreover, gamified AI learning can lead to higher retention rates and increased student engagement. Thus, AI-based new tools and methods viz., VR, AR, Anatomage table and 3D visualization platforms are revolutionizing anatomy education and can be utilized in teaching and learning of veterinary anatomy to enhance learning experiences to complement rather than replace traditional teaching method.