Determining the optimal time for mating in female dogs – between past and future

Heat stroke is a critical condition frequently encountered in dogs, characterized by severe hyperthermia, multiorgan dysfunction, and systemic inflammation. This pathology can be triggered either by intense physical exertion in high-temperature conditions or prolonged exposure to extreme heat without adequate cooling mechanisms. Risk factors include breed, obesity, advanced age, coat characteristics, and the administration of certain medications. The study highlights the associated hematological, biochemical, and histopathological changes, emphasizing the importance of early diagnosis and prompt treatment. Additionally, the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in circulatory failure and renal, hepatic and neurological impairment are analyzed. Early recognition of symptoms and the implementation of appropriate therapeutic measures, including active cooling techniques, can significantly improve the prognosis of affected patients. Moreover, prevention plays a crucial role, especially in predisposed dogs, by avoiding excessive heat exposure and closely monitoring the signs of thermal stress.