Diagnosis and treatment of osteochondritis dissecans in horses

Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a major orthopedic disorder affecting the articular cartilage and subchondral bone in growing horses. It results from failure in the process of endochondral ossification, leading to focal cartilage lesions, joint pain and impaired function. This review provides an in-depth discussion of the histological and functional structure of articular cartilage, the pathophysiology of OCD, and the factors contributing to its development. We further explore diagnostic methodologies, including imaging and arthroscopy, as well as therapeutic options, ranging from conservative management to surgical interventions. Lastly, we discuss preventive strategies and recent advances in regenerative medicine and biomolecular research, which offer promising insights into improved OCD management.