Efficient Adsorption of Zinc (II) Ions from Aqueous Solution onto A Low-Cost Adsorbent Developed from Vitis Vinifera (Grape Branch Stem Powder)

Abstract: This study explores the use of Vitis vinifera (grape branch stem powder) as an eco-friendly and cost-effective biosorbent for the removal of Zn (II) ions from aqueous solutions. With the increasing concern over heavy metal pollution, especially zinc contamination from industrial activities, the development of sustainable remediation strategies has become essential. The objective of this work is to evaluate the adsorption capacity of grape branch stem powder for zinc ions and investigate the influence of various operational parameters on the adsorption process. The biosorbent was prepared by washing, drying, grinding, and sieving grape branches to obtain a fine powder, which was stored in airtight containers. Batch adsorption experiments were performed by varying key parameters such as pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial metal ion concentration, and temperature to determine optimal conditions for maximum zinc removal. Zinc ion concentrations before and after adsorption were measured using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Characterization of the biosorbent before and after adsorption was carried out using FTIR, SEM, and EDX to understand surface morphology, functional groups, and elemental composition. The study concludes that Vitis vinifera branch stem powder shows significant potential as a natural biosorbent for zinc.