Applications of mRNA-Based Therapies in Oncology and Autoimmunity Beyond Vaccination

In recent years, mRNA-based therapies have become a powerful approach, reshaping gene therapy and modern treatment methods. 1 Compared to recombinant proteins and plasmid DNA, mRNA therapeutics provide important benefits, such as a strong safety profile due to their non-integrating and non-mutagenic characteristics.First demonstrated in vivo by Wolff et al. 2 , mRNA allows functional protein production without the risk of genomic insertion.The success of mRNA vaccines during the coronavirus disease-2019 pandemic accelerated the advancement of this technology, highlighting its rapid development, scalability, and safety.Current platforms make it possible to achieve fast, strong, and temporary protein expression, supporting the development of personalized cancer vaccines that target tumor antigens and new immune-modulating treatments for autoimmune disorders without causing widespread immunosuppression.