Lobbies, communication, and public perception in Spain: characterization and sociodemographic influences

Introduction: The way society perceives a lobby plays a critical role in shaping its potential influence. With this in mind, the present research aims to explore the public perception of lobbies in Spain based on three criteria: attributes associated with their activities, organizational types, and the interests defended (O1). Additionally, it seeks to analyze the influence of sociodemographic variables on the perception of lobbies (O2). Methodology: The methodological approach is quantitative and exploratory. Data collection involves 418 questionnaires, while data analysis encompasses a range of statistical procedures, including variance analysis, binary logistic regressions, and analysis of B regression coefficients, among others. Results: The examination of the results reveals a polarized scenario with lobbies showing a predominantly negative public perception, particularly concerning their transparency and ethics. However, responses tend to be more neutral or even slightly positive in certain cases, such as for organizations advocating social interests. As for the influence of sociodemographic variables, individuals with right-wing ideologies, higher economic status, and tertiary education tend to have a more positive perception of lobbies. Discussion and conclusions: These findings contribute to explaining one of the most decisive determinants in lobbies’ ability to influence policy-making processes and underscore the importance of addressing public concerns to enhance transparency and legitimacy in their activities.