Ponder & Press: Advancing Visual GUI Agent towards General Computer Control

Most existing GUI agents typically depend on non-vision inputs like HTML source code or accessibility trees, limiting flexibility across diverse software environments and platforms.Current multimodal large language models (MLLMs), though excel at using vision to ground real-world objects, often struggle with accurately localizing GUI elements -a critical requirement for effective GUI automation -due to the semantic gap between real-world objects and GUI elements.In this work, we introduce Ponder & Press, a divide-and-conquer framework for general computer control that uses only visual input.Our approach combines a general-purpose MLLM as an 'interpreter', responsible for translating high-level user instructions into detailed action descriptions, with a GUI-specific MLLM as a 'locator' that precisely locates GUI elements for action placement.By leveraging a purely visual input, our agent offers a versatile, human-like interaction paradigm applicable to various applications.Ponder & Press locator outperforms existing models by +22.5% on the ScreenSpot GUI grounding benchmark.More offline and interactive agent benchmarks across various GUI environments -including web pages, desktop software, and mobile UIs -demonstrate that the Ponder & Press framework achieves state-of-the-art performance, highlighting the potential of visual GUI agents.